Hydraulic Fracturing, or hydro fracking, is a primary method for oil and gas wells stimulation. It is a highly engineered and complex procedure. The limitation of hydraulic fracturing application is generally to low-permeability reservoirs (e.g., < 1 Milli Darcy for gas reservoirs and < 20 Milli Darcy for oil reservoirs). Hydraulic Fracturing Process Successful fracture …
Oil & gas Kelly is a square or hexagonal pipe that fits into the drilling rig rotary table bushing (Rig components). They turn to the right as the rotary table turns. In other words, Kelly’s mission is to transfer energy from the rotary table to the drill string. We can say that Kelly is a …
Solids control is a constant problem, every day on every well. Generally, we can define solids control as controlling the quantity and quality of undesired cuttings in the drilling mud types since the increasing of these solids can generate negative effects both to the well and drilling. In addition, these solids will increase the total mud …
The importance of solid control equipment is its ability to save costs of dumping drilling fluids due to the existence of unwanted solids inside. As we are drilling the well, the cuttings will appear in the mud, and further treatment is necessary. Shale Shakers The design of shaker screens allows them to remove the particles …
Bow-spring casing centralizers are also available in multiple styles, including flexible and rigid, welded and nonweld, single piece, and other. Conventional Bow-Spring Centralizers Conventional bow-spring centralizers are the most common type of centralizers (Fig. 1). Also referred to as imperial bow, this centralizer type offers curved flexible bows that can expand or compress according to …
Drilling bits have unique technologies. There are different drilling demands. The drilling bit application will be separate almost anywhere in the world where drilling is done. For example, there will be other formations and drilling applications in multiple places in the United States. Oilfield drilling bits have unique manufacturing & design concepts. Much design work …
The use of screens (Shaker Screen) to remove drilled solids from mud uses only one characteristic of solids particles -their size. Solids control devices that speed up drilled solids’ settling process by applying centrifugal force take advantage of two factors – particle size and particle density. Hydrocyclones (Desanders & Desilters) and centrifuges in oilfields rely …
The mud cleaner has a battery of 101.6 mm (4″) desilters mounted over a fine screen shaker. The original reason for its introduction was to separate and save barytes in weighted muds. However, they are now used for low solids mud and oil mud. By accelerating mud through a curved vessel, there will be a …
Sliding sleeves – sometimes called sliding side doors (SSDs) – are manipulated by wireline locks and use nipple profiles. The figure below shows a typical siding sleeve. This sleeve uses a collet to ‘hold’ the sleeve in one of three positions (open, equalizing, and closed). Sliding sleeves have earned a poor reputation – they either …
An underground blowout is the flow of formation fluids from one zone to another. Most commonly, we can recognize the underground Blowout by a lack of pressure response on the annulus. And this response will be while pumping on the drill pipe or by a general lack of pressure response. The underground Blowout can be …